Physics Equations Handbook
A comprehensive list of equations organized by chapter.
1. Average Speed
\(v\) = velocity/speed (ms-1)
\(d\) = distance (m)
\(t\) = time (s)
2. Average Velocity
\(v\) = velocity (ms-1)
\(s\) = displacement (m)
\(t\) = time (s)
3. Acceleration
\(a\) = acceleration (ms-2)
\(v\) = final velocity (ms-1)
\(u\) = initial velocity (ms-1)
\(t\) = time (s)
4. Weight
\(W\) = weight (N)
\(m\) = mass (kg)
\(g\) = gravitational field strength (ms-2)
5. Force
\(F\) = force (N)
\(m\) = mass (kg)
\(a\) = acceleration (ms-2)
6. Density
\(\rho\) = density (kgm-3)
\(m\) = mass (kg)
\(V\) = volume (m3)
7. Hooke's Law
\(F\) = force (N)
\(k\) = spring constant (Nm-1)
\(x\) = extension (m)
8. Pressure
\(P\) = pressure (Pa)
\(F\) = force (N)
\(A\) = area (m2)
9. Fluid Pressure
\(P\) = pressure (Pa)
\(\rho\) = density (kgm-3)
\(g\) = gravitational field strength (ms-2)
\(h\) = height (m)
10. Work
\(W\) = work (J)
\(F\) = force (N)
\(d\) = distance moved (m)
11. Power
\(P\) = power (W)
\(W\) = work (J)
\(t\) = time (s)
12. Kinetic Energy
\(KE\) = kinetic energy (J)
\(m\) = mass (kg)
\(v\) = velocity (ms-1)
13. Gravitational Potential Energy
\(GPE\) = grav. potential energy (J)
\(m\) = mass (kg)
\(g\) = gravitational field strength (ms-2)
\(h\) = height (m)
14. Efficiency
\( P_{\text{out}} \) = useful power output (W)
\( P_{\text{in}} \) = total power input (W)
15. Moment
\( M \) = moment (Nm)
\( F \) = force (N)
\( d \) = ⟂ distance from pivot (m)
16. Sum of Moments
\( M \) = moment (Nm)
17. Momentum
\( p \) = momentum (kgms-1)
\( m \) = mass (kg)
\( v \) = velocity (ms-1)
18. Impulsive Force
\( F \) = impulsive force (N)
\( \Delta p \) = change in momentum
\( t \) = time (s)
19. Impulse
\( \Delta p \) = change in momentum
\( m \) = mass (kg)
\( v \) = final velocity (ms-1)
\( u \) = initial velocity (ms-1)
1. Boyle's Law
\(P_1\) = initial pressure (Pa)
\(V_1\) = initial volume (m3)
\(P_2\) = final pressure (Pa)
\(V_2\) = final volume (m3)
2. Specific Heat Capacity
\(Q\) = energy (J)
\(m\) = mass (kg)
\(c\) = specific heat capacity (Jkg-1°C-1)
\(\Delta\theta\) = temp. change (°C)
3. Celsius to Kelvin
\(T(K)\) = temperature in Kelvin (K)
\(T(°C)\) = temperature in Celsius (°C)
1. Wave Speed
\(v\) = wave speed (ms-1)
\(f\) = frequency (Hz)
\(\lambda\) = wavelength (m)
2. Frequency
\( f \) = frequency (Hz)
\( T \) = period (s)
3. Refractive Index
\(n\) = refractive index
\(i\) = angle of incidence
\(r\) = angle of refraction
4. Refractive Index (Speed)
\(n\) = refractive index
\(c\) = speed of light in vacuum
\(v\) = speed of light in material
5. Critical Angle
\(n\) = refractive index
\(c\) = critical angle
1. Current
\(I\) = current (A)
\(Q\) = charge (C)
\(t\) = time (s)
2. Voltage
\(V\) = voltage (V)
\(W\) = energy transferred (J)
\(Q\) = charge (C)
3. Ohm's Law
\(V\) = voltage (V)
\(I\) = current (A)
\(R\) = resistance (Ω)
4. Power (Current & Voltage)
\(P\) = power (W)
\(I\) = current (A)
\(V\) = voltage (V)
5. Power (Current & Resistance)
\(P\) = power (W)
\(I\) = current (A)
\(R\) = resistance (Ω)
6. Energy Transferred
\(W\) = energy transferred (J)
\(I\) = current (A)
\(V\) = voltage (V)
\(t\) = time (s)
7. Energy Transferred (Power)
\(W\) = energy transferred (J)
\(P\) = power (W)
\(t\) = time (s)
8. Resistors in Series
\(R_{T}\) = total resistance (Ω)
\(R_n\) = individual resistances (Ω)
9. Resistors in Parallel
\(R_{T}\) = total resistance (Ω)
\(R_n\) = individual resistances (Ω)
10. Resistance
\(R\) = resistance (Ω)
\(\rho\) = resistivity (Ωm)
\(l\) = length (m)
\(A\) = cross-sectional area (m2)
11. Transformers (Voltage)
\(V_s, V_p\) = voltage in coils (V)
\(N_s, N_p\) = turns in coils
12. Transformers (Current)
\(V_s, V_p\) = voltage in coils (V)
\(I_s, I_p\) = current in coils (A)
1. Alpha Decay
\( ^A_ZX \) = parent nucleus
\( Y \) = daughter nucleus
\( He \) = alpha particle
2. Beta Decay
\( ^A_ZX \) = parent nucleus
\( Y \) = daughter nucleus
\( e \) = beta particle
3. Gamma Decay
\( ^A_ZX \) = nucleus
\( \gamma \) = gamma ray
1. Average Orbital Speed
\( v \) = orbital speed (ms-1)
\( r \) = orbital radius (m)
\( T \) = orbital period (s)
2. Hubble's Law
\( v \) = speed away (ms-1)
\( H_0 \) = Hubble constant (s-1)
\( d \) = distance of galaxy (m)
3. Hubble's Law (Alternative)
\( d \) = distance of galaxy (m)
\( v \) = speed away (ms-1)
\( H_0 \) = Hubble constant (s-1)
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