IGCSE Physics (0625) – Motion, Forces & Energy
Question Bank (Exam-Style)
Section A – Multiple Choice (40 Questions)
(Each 1 mark)
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1. Which of the following is a scalar quantity?
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2. The slope of a distance–time graph represents:
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3. A car accelerates from rest to 20 m/s in 10 s. Its acceleration is:
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4. Which device is used to measure force?
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5. The area under a velocity–time graph gives:
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6. The unit of momentum is:
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7. A resultant force causes an object to:
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8. Which of the following is not a renewable energy source?
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9. Weight is:
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10. A car of mass 1000 kg moving at 20 m/s has kinetic energy:
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11. If the resultant force on an object is zero, the object will:
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12. Which of these is a vector quantity?
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13. Which of the following graphs shows uniform acceleration?
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14. Work done =
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15. Which of the following is measured in watts?
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16. The principle of conservation of energy states that:
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17. Which quantity has the unit N/kg?
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18. A parachutist falls at constant speed after some time because:
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19. The momentum of a 2 kg object moving at 3 m/s is:
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20. Which form of energy is stored in a stretched spring?
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21. Which of the following is always positive?
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22. The gravitational potential energy of a mass depends on:
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23. Which graph shows deceleration?
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24. In free fall (no air resistance), acceleration is:
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25. The efficiency of a machine is given by:
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26. Newton’s Third Law states:
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27. A lever is an example of:
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28. The area under a force–distance graph represents:
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29. A car moving at constant velocity has:
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30. Pressure is defined as:
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31. An object moving in a circle at constant speed:
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32. Work done per unit time is:
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33. Which of the following is a renewable energy resource?
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34. The kinetic energy of an object doubles if:
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35. Which is not a unit of energy?
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36. When brakes are applied to a car, kinetic energy is mainly transformed into:
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37. A body is said to be in equilibrium when:
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38. A force of 10 N is applied on an area of 0.5 m². Pressure = ?
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39. The work done in lifting a 5 kg object by 2 m (g = 10 N/kg) is:
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40. The SI unit of acceleration is:
Section B – Short Answer Questions (20 questions)
(2 marks each)
- 1. Define speed and state its SI unit.
- 2. State Newton’s First Law of motion.
- 3. A car moves at constant speed in a straight line. What is the resultant force acting?
- 4. State one difference between vector and scalar quantities.
- 5. A 50 N force acts on a surface area of 2 m². Calculate the pressure.
- 6. What is meant by kinetic energy?
- 7. Give two examples of renewable sources of energy.
- 8. Define momentum and give its unit.
- 9. A body of mass 10 kg is lifted vertically 2 m. Calculate the work done.
- 10. Define gravitational potential energy.
- 11. What is meant by terminal velocity?
- 12. State Newton’s Third Law of motion.
- 13. A machine has 60% efficiency. Explain what this means.
- 14. Define power and give its SI unit.
- 15. State the principle of conservation of momentum.
- 16. A boy pushes a wall but it does not move. Is work done on the wall? Explain.
- 17. Define acceleration.
- 18. What is meant by elastic potential energy?
- 19. A car has a constant velocity. What does this tell you about the forces acting on it?
- 20. State one advantage and one disadvantage of using solar energy.
Section C – Structured/Calculation Questions (15 Questions)
(4–6 marks each)
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1. A car accelerates uniformly from rest to 25 m/s in 10 s.
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2. A 3 kg mass is lifted vertically through 5 m. (g = 10 N/kg)
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3. A 60 N force pulls a box 4 m along the floor.
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4. A 0.2 kg ball is moving at 5 m/s.
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5. A car of mass 1000 kg moving at 20 m/s is brought to rest in 5 s.
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6. A graph of velocity–time is given (straight line from 0 to 20 m/s in 4 s).
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7. A machine lifts 200 N through 2 m in 5 s.
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8. A spring stretches 0.1 m when a force of 5 N is applied.
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9. A student of mass 50 kg climbs 4 m in 8 s.
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10. A car of mass 1200 kg moving at 15 m/s collides with a stationary 800 kg car. They stick together.
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11. A force of 100 N is applied on an area of 0.02 m².
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12. A 2 kg trolley moving at 3 m/s collides with another 2 kg trolley at rest. They move together.
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13. A 500 g object falls freely from rest for 3 s (g = 10 m/s²).
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14. A power station generates 2000 MW of power at 25% efficiency.
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15. A graph of distance–time shows a curve with increasing slope.
Marking Scheme
Section A - Multiple Choice
Marking Scheme: 1 mark each. Total = 40 marks.
| Q. | Ans. | Q. | Ans. | Q. | Ans. | Q. | Ans. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | C | 11 | C | 21 | B | 31 | B |
| 2 | C | 12 | A | 22 | B | 32 | C |
| 3 | A | 13 | A | 23 | C | 33 | B |
| 4 | B | 14 | C | 24 | A | 34 | B |
| 5 | B | 15 | B | 25 | A | 35 | A |
| 6 | C | 16 | B | 26 | C | 36 | C |
| 7 | B | 17 | C | 27 | B | 37 | D |
| 8 | C | 18 | B | 28 | A | 38 | B |
| 9 | B | 19 | A | 29 | D | 39 | C |
| 10 | C | 20 | B | 30 | B | 40 | B |
Total: 40 marks
Section B - Short Answer
Marking Scheme: Typically 2–3 marks each. Total = 45 marks (scaled to 40 if required).
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1. Speed = distance/time (1); unit m/s (1). [2]
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2. An object remains in its state of motion unless a resultant force acts on it. [2]
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3. Zero. [1]
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4. A scalar has magnitude only (1); a vector has both magnitude and direction (1). [2]
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5. Pressure = Force / Area = 50 N / 2 m² = 25 Pa. [2]
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6. The energy an object possesses due to its motion. [2]
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7. Solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, biomass. (Any two) [2]
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8. Momentum = mass × velocity (1); unit is kg m/s (1). [2]
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9. Work done = Force × distance = (10 kg × 10 N/kg) × 2 m = 200 J. [2]
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10. The energy stored in an object due to its position in a gravitational field. [2]
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11. The constant speed that a freely falling object eventually reaches when the resistance of the medium (e.g., air) prevents further acceleration. [2]
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12. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. [2]
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13. It means that for every 100 J of energy put into the machine, 60 J is converted into useful work (1) and 40 J is wasted, usually as heat or sound (1). [2]
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14. Power is the rate of doing work or transferring energy (1); its SI unit is the Watt (1). [2]
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15. The total momentum of a system remains constant, provided no external forces act. [2]
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16. No (1). Work is only done when a force causes displacement in the direction of the force (1). Since the wall does not move, displacement is zero. [2]
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17. The rate of change of velocity. [2]
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18. The energy stored in an object when a force is applied to deform it elastically (e.g., a stretched or compressed spring). [2]
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19. The resultant force on the car is zero (1), as all forces are balanced (1). [2]
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20. Advantage: It is clean, does not produce pollution (1). Disadvantage: It is intermittent, not available at night or on cloudy days (1). [2]
Section C - Structured/Calculation
Marking Scheme: Typically 3–4 marks each.
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1. a) \( a = \frac{v-u}{t} = \frac{25-0}{10} = 2.5\ \text{m/s}^2 \) (1)
b) \( d = ut + \tfrac{1}{2}at^2 = 0 + \tfrac{1}{2}(2.5)(10)^2 = 125\ \text{m} \) (1). [2] -
2. a) Work done = Force × distance = \( (3 \times 10) \times 5 = 150\ \text{J} \) (1)
b) GPE gained = Work done = \( 150\ \text{J} \) (1). [2] -
3. a) Work done = Force × distance = \( 60\ \text{N} \times 4\ \text{m} = 240\ \text{J} \) (1)
b) Power = \( \frac{\text{Work done}}{time} = \frac{240\ \text{J}}{10\ \text{s}} = 24\ \text{W} \) (1). [2] -
4. a) Momentum = \( mv = 0.2\ \text{kg} \times 5\ \text{m/s} = 1.0\ \text{kg·m/s} \) (1)
b) KE = \( \tfrac{1}{2}mv^2 = \tfrac{1}{2}(0.2)(5)^2 = 2.5\ \text{J} \) (1). [2] -
5. a) Deceleration = \( \frac{v-u}{t} = \frac{0-20}{5} = -4\ \text{m/s}^2 \) (1)
b) Force = \( ma = 1000\ \text{kg} \times (-4\ \text{m/s}^2) = -4000\ \text{N} \) (1). [2] -
6. a) Acceleration = gradient = \( \frac{20-0}{4} = 5\ \text{m/s}^2 \) (1)
b) Distance = area under graph = \( \tfrac{1}{2} \times base \times height = \tfrac{1}{2} \times 4 \times 20 = 40\ \text{m} \) (1). [2] -
7. a) Work done = \( F \times d = 200\ \text{N} \times 2\ \text{m} = 400\ \text{J} \) (1)
b) Power = \( \frac{W}{t} = \frac{400\ \text{J}}{5\ \text{s}} = 80\ \text{W} \) (1). [2] -
8. a) Spring constant (\(k\)) = \( \frac{F}{x} = \frac{5\ \text{N}}{0.1\ \text{m}} = 50\ \text{N/m} \) (1)
b) Elastic PE = \( \tfrac{1}{2}kx^2 = \tfrac{1}{2}(50)(0.1)^2 = 0.25\ \text{J} \) (1). [2] -
9. a) Work done = \( F_{gravity} \times d = (50\ \text{kg} \times 10\ \text{N/kg}) \times 4\ \text{m} = 2000\ \text{J} \) (1)
b) Power = \( \frac{W}{t} = \frac{2000\ \text{J}}{8\ \text{s}} = 250\ \text{W} \) (1). [2] -
10. Total momentum before collision = \( (1200\ \text{kg})(15\ \text{m/s}) + (800\ \text{kg})(0) = 18000\ \text{kg·m/s} \) (1)
Total momentum after = \( (1200+800)\ \text{kg} \times v_{final} = 2000\ \text{kg} \times v_{final} \) (1)
By conservation of momentum: \( 18000 = 2000 \times v_{final} \implies v_{final} = 9.0\ \text{m/s} \) (1). [3] -
11. Pressure = \( \frac{F}{A} = \frac{100\ \text{N}}{0.02\ \text{m}^2} = 5000\ \text{Pa} \) (1). [1]
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12. Total momentum before = \( (2)(3) + (2)(0) = 6\ \text{kg·m/s} \) (1)
Total momentum after = \( (2+2) \times v_{final} = 4 \times v_{final} \) (1)
By conservation of momentum: \( 6 = 4 \times v_{final} \implies v_{final} = 1.5\ \text{m/s} \) (1). [3] -
13. a) Final velocity (\(v\)) = \( u + at = 0 + (10)(3) = 30\ \text{m/s} \) (1)
b) Distance (\(d\)) = \( ut + \tfrac{1}{2}at^2 = 0 + \tfrac{1}{2}(10)(3)^2 = 45\ \text{m} \) (1). [2] -
14. a) Useful output power = Total power × Efficiency = \( 2000\ \text{MW} \times 0.25 = 500\ \text{MW} \) (1)
b) Energy is wasted, mainly as heat and sound due to friction and air resistance (1). [2] -
15. a) The slope of a distance–time graph represents speed. An increasing slope means the object is accelerating (1). [1]
b) The corresponding velocity–time graph would be a straight line sloping upwards from the origin, showing a linear increase in speed over time. [1]